Broad Bean Egyptian

Basics

1. Capsicum (sweet/bell Capsicum) thrives in warm, sunny gardens.
2. Plant them in a spot with full sun (6+ hours) and rich, well-drained soil.
3. Prepare the bed by removing weeds and digging in plenty of compost or aged manure.
4. Use mulch around plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Seed Trays vs Direct Sowing

Seedling Trays:

• Raise seeds in pots or trays filled with seedling mix, keeping them warm (16-35°C) and moist.
• This protected start speeds germination and gives plants a head start on weeds and weather.
• You’ll use fewer seeds and get sturdy seedlings for an earlier crop.
• The downside is extra effort and cost (pots, mix, heat source) and you must harden-off seedlings before planting out.

Direct Sowing:

• Plant seeds 3mm deep in the garden soil 50cm between plants, 60–100cm once it’s warm and frost-free.
• Direct sowing is simpler and cheaper (no trays or special mix), but germination is slower and more vulnerable to cold, pests or heavy rain.
• Capsicum seeds can take 1–3 weeks to sprout at 16–35°C.
• Ensure the soil stays evenly moist (not waterlogged) during this time.

In short: use trays if you want the best germination and an early start; sow direct if you prefer simplicity and have already warm conditions.

Planting and General Care

Timing & Spacing:

• Plant or transplant capsicum after all danger of frost has passed.
• In tropical/subtropical areas, Capsicums can even fruit year-round, but in cooler zones treat them as an annual summer crop.

Soil:

• Use well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter.
• Work in compost or aged manure before planting.
• Capsicums prefer a slightly acidic to neutral pH (~6.0–7.0).
• In pots, use at least ~40L per plant.

Watering:

• Water deeply and regularly, so the soil stays evenly moist.
• Check soil moisture by pushing a finger 4–5cm down; water when that layer is just dry.
• Water in the early morning or late afternoon to minimize stress.
• Avoid wetting the leaves, which can encourage fungal disease.
• Mulch around plants to keep roots cool and reduce evaporation.

Fertilising:

• If the soil was well-prepared, you may need little extra feed.
• Otherwise, apply a balanced (e.g. 10-10-10 NPK) slow-release fertilizer at planting.
• Once flowers and fruit start, give a liquid tomato or vegetable fertilizer every few weeks according to label directions.
• This supports heavy fruiting. Avoid excessive nitrogen late in the season, as it can reduce fruit set.

Staking & Pruning:

• Capsicum plants can get top-heavy with fruit. Stake or cage them when planting.
• A simple sturdy stake beside each plant works – gently tie the main stem (e.g. with soft string) as it grows.
• This prevents wind damage and keeps fruit off the ground.
• Remove any low or damaged leaves to improve air flow.
• Many gardeners also pinch out a few early flower buds when plants are young – this encourages stronger vegetative growth and heavier later yields.
• Overall, little pruning is needed beyond this.

Pest & Disease Management:

• Monitor plants for pests like aphids, caterpillars, slugs/snails, and chilli thrip.
• Hand-pick pests or use organic sprays if needed.
• Practice good hygiene: remove weeds and crop debris.
• Rotate capsicum/solanaceous crops to a different spot each year to reduce disease pressure.
• Common diseases include blossom-end rot (from inconsistent watering or low calcium) and fungal spots.
• Regular watering and mulch help prevent blossom-end rot.
• Crop rotation and not overcrowding plants also reduce problems.

Chilli Thrips: What They Are & How to Deal With Them

1. Chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) are tiny, slender insects that can cause big problems in home veggie patches—especially for capsicum, chilli, eggplant, and tomato plants.
2. You might not see them easily (they’re less than 2mm long!), but the damage is easy to spot as leaves curl or look bronzed and scarred, buds drop off, and fruit can become deformed or scarred.
3. These pests feed by piercing plant tissue and sucking out the juices, which leads to silvery or brown patches on leaves and distorted growth.
4. They tend to hang out on the newest growth, flower buds, or the undersides of leaves—so grab a magnifying glass and check these spots first if your plants are looking stressed.

What You Can Do:

Prevention is key:

• Start clean – Avoid bringing in infested seedlings or cuttings.
• Attract beneficial bugs like lady beetles, lacewings, and predatory mites—they’ll help keep thrip numbers down.
• Plant flowers like alyssum, marigold, or dill nearby to draw in the good guys.

If they show up:

• Prune affected areas early to stop the spread.
• Hose them off gently with water to dislodge thrips from foliage.
• Apply insecticidal soap or horticultural oil, covering all leaf surfaces, especially underneath. Repeat weekly as needed.
• Rotate your crops each year to disrupt their lifecycle.

Tip: Thrips love hot, dry conditions—so keep your plants well-watered and mulched to reduce stress and deter infestations.

Companion Planting with Capsicum

Good companions:

• Herbs & Flowers: Basil, dill, parsley, coriander, chamomile and other aromatic herbs as they attract beneficial insects and may repel aphids or whiteflies. Garlic, onions, chives as their strong scent deters many pests. Marigolds, nasturtiums, borage, lavender as these flowers lure pollinators and trap pests (marigolds are famous for nematode control).
• Vegetables: Carrots, lettuce, spinach as they occupy shallow roots and don’t compete much with Capsicums. These can provide light ground cover under Capsicum plants. Tomatoes are sometimes planted alongside Capsicums (both like similar conditions) but be aware they share some pests/diseases so give them space and rotate beds regularly.
• Fruits: Strawberries and cucumbers have been noted as decent neighbours (shallow roots and shade from cucumber leaves can protect Capsicums).

Bad Companions

• Other heavy feeders or close relatives.
• Do not grow next to eggplants, potatoes or tomatoes in succession, as they share pests/diseases.
• Stay away from beans/peas and plants like fennel or dill, which can inhibit Capsicum growth.
• Squash and pumpkins (deep-rooted cucurbits) can out-compete Capsicums for nutrients.
• In short, pair Capsicums with light-feeders and pest-deterring plants, and keep them apart from other nightshades and big gourds.

Seed Saving

Saving your own Capsicum seeds is easy if you follow a few simple steps:

Select plants:

• Pick the healthiest plants with strong, typical fruit.
• If growing multiple types, isolate them (e.g. bag flowers or keep 20m+ apart) to prevent cross-pollination.

Harvest ripe fruits:

• Wait until Capsicums are fully ripe on the plant which is usually when they’ve changed to their final colour and just start to soften or wrinkle.
• Allowing fruits to over ripen a little ensures the seeds are mature.

Extract seeds:

• Cut the Capsicum in half and scoop or twist out the central core.
• Scrape out the seeds and remove as much of the inner flesh and pith as possible.
• Rinse the seeds in clean water to wash off any remaining pulp which helps them dry cleanly.

Dry seeds:

• Spread the seeds in a single layer on paper towels or a clean plate in a dry, shaded place.
• Let them dry completely over several days.
• They’re ready when you can crunch a seed in your fingers and it snaps rather than bends.
• Moisture is the enemy of seed storage, so make sure they feel fully dry.

Store seeds:

• Transfer the dried seeds to a paper envelope or small jar with a tight lid.
• Label with variety and date.
• Store in a cool, dark, dry spot (a refrigerator works well).
• Properly stored Capsicum seeds remain viable for about 3–4 years, so you’ll have plants for many seasons.

Growing Conditions

Climate:

• Broad beans thrive in Mediterranean climates, characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.
• Ideal temperatures for growth range from 6°C to 24°C .
• They are hardy and can tolerate frost but grow best before temperatures exceed 30°C.

Best Time to Plant:

• Autumn Planting: In temperate regions, you can sow seeds from late April to early May.
• Spring Planting: In cooler areas, sow from July through September.

Soil Preparation

Choosing a Site:

• Select a site with full sun exposure for at least 6 hours a day.
• Well-drained soil is crucial to prevent root rot.

Soil Type:

• Broad beans prefer loamy soil rich in organic matter but will tolerate various soil types.
• Test pH levels; broad beans perform best in slightly alkaline to neutral soil (pH 6.0 to 7.0).

Preparation Steps:

• Clear the area of weeds and debris.
• Enrich the soil by mixing in compost or well-rotted manure a few weeks before planting.
• If the soil is heavy clay, consider adding sand or perlite to enhance drainage.

Planting Instructions

Sowing Seeds:

• Plant seeds about 1 cm deep, spaced 20 cm apart, with rows 20 cm apart.
• For optimal growth, soak seeds in water for a few hours before planting to encourage germination.

Watering:

• Water the seeds thoroughly after planting and maintain consistent moisture until seedlings establish.
• Avoid overwatering, as broad beans do not thrive in waterlogged conditions.

Maintenance

Watering:

• Keep the soil evenly moist, especially during flowering and pod-setting since stress during this period can reduce yield.
• Mulching can help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.

Fertilisation:

• Broad beans are nitrogen-fixing plants; therefore, they require less nitrogen fertiliser.
• You can use a balanced organic fertiliser or compost if the soil lacks nutrients.

Support and Staking:

• Taller varieties may require staking to prevent wind damage and improve air circulation.
• Use bamboo stakes or garden twine to support plants as needed.

Pest and Disease Management:

• Common pests include aphids, which can be managed by introducing beneficial insects (like ladybirds) or using neem oil.
• Check for diseases like chocolate spot and downy mildew.
• Ensure good air circulation and avoid wet foliage to prevent these issues.

Harvesting

Timing:

• Broad beans are typically ready for harvest 3-4 months after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
• The best time to harvest is when the pods are plump but before they become overly tough and fibrous.

Harvesting Technique:

• Snap off the pods gently when they reach the desired size. If harvesting for seeds, leave the pods on the plant until they dry out a bit and turn brown.

Companion Planting

Beneficial Companions:

• Cabbage Family (Brassicas): Helps deter aphids, benefiting crops such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower.
• Carrots: These plants occupy different root zones and can be interplanted without competition.
• Beets: Both plants benefit from each other’s growth patterns and utilize the soil’s nutrients efficiently.
• Corn: Planting corn alongside broad beans can provide structural support for climbing varieties.
• Dill and Mint: These herbs attract beneficial pollinators and predators that help control pest populations.
• Sage: An aromatic herb that can enhance the flavour of beans and deter pests.

Plants to Avoid:

• Onions and Garlic: These can stunt the growth of broad beans due to their high sulphur content.
• Potatoes: Can compete for nutrients and may harbor similar pests.